C1-C2 Grammar
Browse all C1-C2 Grammar lessons with examples, explanations, and practice quizzes.
Linking Verbs and Subject Complements
Use linking verbs to attribute states, appearances, changes, and sensory impressions to a subject without treating complements as objects.
Forming Complex Passive Sentences
Build passive clauses across tense, aspect, modality, infinitive, and two-object patterns while preserving meaning and valency.
Direct and Indirect Objects: Patterns and Alternations
Analyse direct and indirect objects, dative alternation, verb restrictions, information structure, and related passive patterns.
Reporting with Passives: Evidence and Time Reference
Use passive reporting structures with precise infinitive time reference while maintaining responsible attribution and evidential caution.
Quoting, Paraphrasing and Reporting in Your Own Words
Integrate direct quotations, faithful paraphrases, and concise summaries while preserving meaning, stance, and source attribution.
Homophones and Homographs in Context
Resolve homophones and homographs through grammar, meaning, collocation, pronunciation, and careful editing of ambiguous forms.
Advanced Quantifiers: Scope, Agreement and Implication
Control complex quantifiers, partitives, agreement, scope, polarity, and subtle contrasts such as few versus a few.
Auxiliary Verbs: Emphasis, Ellipsis and Inversion
Use primary and modal auxiliaries for tense, aspect, voice, emphasis, substitution, inversion, and nuanced agreement or disagreement.
Advanced Question Tags and Stance
Use canonical and non-canonical question tags to negotiate certainty, politeness, challenge, alignment, and conversational response.
Advanced Conditionals and Alternative Condition Markers
Build real, remote, mixed, and implicit conditionals with modal variation, inversion, and alternatives to if.
Reporting Speech and Thought with Precision
Represent speech, thought, attitude, and evidence through reporting verbs, free indirect style, nominalisation, and precise complementation.
Advanced Adjectives: Gradability and Complementation
Control gradable and non-gradable adjectives, intensifiers, adjective complements, and participial adjective distinctions.
Advanced Adjectives: Order, Position and Stance
Manage adjective order, attributive and predicative restrictions, postpositive position, evaluative stance, and compressed noun phrases.
Reporting Statements: Stance, Attribution and Synthesis
Report and synthesise multiple statements with calibrated stance, clear attribution, tense control, and distinction between source and write...
Advanced Reflexive Pronouns and Reference
Use reflexive pronouns in local binding, emphasis, idiomatic patterns, and perspective-sensitive contexts without hypercorrection.